Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本(推荐)

数据库 2024/11/20 佚名

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Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL（又称 T-SQL），是在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase SQL Server 上的 ANSI SQL 实现，与 Oracle 的 PL/SQL 性质相近（不只是实现 ANSI SQL，也为自身数据库系统的特性提供实现支持），在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase Adaptive Server 中仍然被使用为核心的查询语言。

数据库

1、创建数据库

USE master ; 
GO 
CREATE DATABASE Sales 
ON 
( NAME = Sales_dat, 
 FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\saledat.mdf', 
 SIZE = 10, 
 MAXSIZE = 50, 
 FILEGROWTH = 5 ) 
LOG ON 
( NAME = Sales_log, 
 FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\salelog.ldf', 
 SIZE = 5MB, 
 MAXSIZE = 25MB, 
 FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ; 
GO

2、查看数据库

SELECT name, database_id, create_date 
FROM sys.databases ;

3、删除数据库

DROP DATABASE Sales;

表

1、创建表

CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail 
( 
 ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL 
 ,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL 
 ,ProductID int NULL 
 ,UnitPrice money NULL 
 ,OrderQty smallint NULL 
 ,ReceivedQty float NULL 
 ,RejectedQty float NULL 
 ,DueDate datetime NULL 
);

2、删除表

DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail;

3、重命名表

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory', 'SalesTerr';

列

1、添加列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;

2、删除列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b;

3、重命名列

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID', 'TerrID', 'COLUMN';

约束

1、主键

--在现有表中创建主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);

--在新表中创建主键
CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1
 (
  TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL
  , CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID)
 )
;

--查看主键 
SELECT name 
FROM sys.key_constraints 
WHERE type = 'PK' AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N'TransactionHistoryArchive'; 
GO 
--删除主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive 
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID; 
GO

视图

1、创建视图

CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate 
AS 
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate 
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS p 
ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ; 
GO

2、删除视图

DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate;

存储过程

1、创建存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest 
 @LastName nvarchar(50), 
 @FirstName nvarchar(50) 
AS 
 SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department 
 FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory 
 WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName 
 AND EndDate IS NULL; 
GO

2、删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest;

3、执行存储过程

EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N'Ackerman', N'Pilar'; 
-- Or 
EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar'; 
GO 
-- Or 
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman'; 
GO

4、重命名存储过程

EXEC sp_rename 'P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest', 'P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2';

5、带有输出参数的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD 
@SalesPerson nvarchar(50), 
@SalesYTD money OUTPUT 
AS 
 SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD 
 FROM SalesPerson AS sp 
 JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID 
 WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson; 
RETURN 
GO

--调用
DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money; 
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD 
 N'Blythe', 
 @SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT; 
GO

数据类型